Capital Markets is the activity related to the management of financial instruments issued by bank customers. In the activities of an investment bank, financial instruments are grouped into three categories: bonds, equities and derivatives. 

• primary market, issue of the instrument, includes four phases: origination, arranging and advisory, selling and placing, underwriting;

• secondary market, which includes every activity following the issue. 

To react to the current economic accelerations and decelerations, innovative companies, never as in this historical moment, need the right economic boost to grow.

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In Italy there are numerous national initiatives to facilitate and support the birth and growth of startups: from subsidized loans, to non-repayable grants, up to credit support. Here is a collection of active national funding to give birth, grow, scale and innovate Italian entrepreneurship.

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Equity crowdfunding or equity crowdfunding, is the tool with which a large number of people can finance the capital raising of private companies in exchange, depending on the type, of shares, dematerialized shares or shares.

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Created as a bottom-up form of microfinance that mobilizes people and resources, crowdfunding is today among the most widespread and effective forms of financing for entrepreneurial and creative projects. Websites are the platform (among the most famous internationally Kickstarter and Indiegogo, just to name a few) and allow fundraisers to meet a wide audience of potential financiers.     
 

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Refers to the investment in a target company that is not listed on a stock exchange (therefore not public), where "investment" means company financing to obtain a long-term profit, therefore keeping the entity in its investment portfolio (as opposed to the dealing activity which presupposes buying and selling to obtain profits on sales in the short term). Since the target company is not listed, the investment bank must overcome the problems related to the definition of price and liquidity (easier to monetize the company shares). In addition, Mediterraneo Capital must choose whether to operate a majority investment, focusing actively on corporate or minority management. Finally, the bank must select the life cycle phase of the target company in which it seems more appropriate to invest.

Creation of operations that are able to self-finance. These operations often make use of "vehicle companies" (SPVs, Special Purpose Vehicles or SPEs, Special Purpose Entities), and are classifiable as follows:

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• Project Finance: important and very risky projects that are easy to predict cash flow, achievable through the establishment of an SPV whose project is its assets;

• Leveraged Acquisitions: operations technically similar to project finance, where the SPV is established with the aim of acquiring another company, which will end up in its assets with the acquisition completed;

• Securitization: as already mentioned, it is the purchase of company assets by the bank through an SPV, provided that the management is able to bring the assets to generate cash flows.
  
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